Graphic Design

From different Medieval religious illuminated manuscripts that combine images and text before the invention of computers and the internet. It shows how the world improved and how graphic design improved along with it. Among these books are the Gospel Books of Insular art, created in the monasteries of the British Isles. The graphics in these books reflect the influence of the animal style associated with the “barbarian” peoples of Northern Europe, with much use of interlace and geometric decoration. During the Middle Ages different page designs for manuscripts came to be like the Hiberno-Saxon style of Ireland and England and the International Gothic style prevalent in Europe in the late 14th and early 15th centuries, were used in manuscript books that achieved major graphic-design innovations. Another was the Book of Kells from 800 c.e, which was a an subsection of a another design the Hiberno-Saxon, the Book of Kells is an illuminated  Gospel book believed to have been completed in the early 9th century at the Irish monastery of Kells, is renowned as one of the most beautiful Hiberno-Saxon manuscripts. During the 10-15th centuries handmade manuscripts from the Middle East became popular and had a beauty to them with a masterful level of artistic and technical achievement. From different Persian manuscripts the design and illustration is evident in a page illustrating the great 12th-century poet Nezami’s Khamesh (“The Quintuplet”). This page depicts the Persian king Khorsow II in front of the palace of his beloved, Shīrīn. Human figures, animals, buildings, and the landscape are presented as refined shapes that are defined by concise outlines. These two-dimensional planes are filled with vibrant color and decorative patterns in a tightly interlocking composition . The calligraphic text is contained in a geometric shape places near the bottom of the page.

Graphic Design has been a practice that has been closely bound to innovations, societal needs, and visual imagination of customers and practitioners. Graphic design has been practiced in various forms throughout history; indeed, strong examples of graphic design date back to manuscripts in ancient China, Egypt, and Greece. As printing and book production developed in the 15th century, advances in graphic design developed alongside it over subsequent centuries, with compositors or typesetters often designing pages as they set the type. In the late 19th century, graphic design emerged as a distinct profession in the west, in part because of the job specialization process that occurred there, and in part because of the new technologies and commercial possibilities brought about by the Industrial Revolution. From new production methods lead to to the separation of the design of a communication medium from its actual production. Increasingly, over the course of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advertising  agencies, book publishers, and magazines hired art directors who organized all visual elements of the communication and brought them into a harmonious whole, creating an expression appropriate to the content.